The Impact of Small Businesses on the United States Economy
or family-run operations—they are the backbone of the U.S. economy. From creating jobs to driving innovation and revitalizing communities, the impact of small businesses in America is profound and far-reaching. As of 2024, the United States is home to over 31.7 million small businesses, making up 99.9% of all U.S. businesses, according to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). These businesses are a driving force behind economic stability and growth.
In this article, we’ll explore the significant contributions of small businesses to the U.S. economy, the challenges they face, and why supporting small businesses is essential for long-term economic prosperity.
What Defines a Small Business?
Before diving into their economic impact, it’s important to understand what constitutes a small business. Generally, the SBA defines a small business as an independent enterprise with fewer than 500 employees. However, definitions may vary depending on the industry. Whether it’s a sole proprietor running an online store or a mid-sized firm with 100 employees, small businesses span a wide range of structures and sectors—from agriculture and manufacturing to technology and professional services.
Economic Contributions of Small Businesses
Job Creation and Employment Growth
Small businesses are responsible for creating two out of every three new jobs in the U.S. economy. According to SBA data, small businesses employed 61.7 million Americans in 2023, accounting for nearly 46.4% of the private workforce. Between 1995 and 2023, they were credited with creating over 17 million net new jobs, highlighting their role as the engine of employment in the country.
GDP Contribution
Small businesses play a crucial role in the gross domestic product. According to recent figures, they contribute about 43.5% of the nation’s GDP. While large corporations may dominate headlines, small businesses collectively drive nearly half of the economic output in the U.S., providing goods and services that sustain households, industries, and communities.
Innovation and New Market Creation
Innovation doesn’t just come from Silicon Valley tech giants. In fact, many of the nation’s most disruptive ideas have been born in small businesses. Startups and small firms often develop niche products and services, entering markets that large companies may overlook. According to the SBA Office of Advocacy, small businesses produce 16 times more patents per employee than larger firms, underscoring their critical role in advancing technology and economic dynamism.
Local and Community Impact
Small businesses are deeply embedded in local economies. They help circulate money within communities by sourcing products locally, creating localized job opportunities, and supporting neighborhood development initiatives. Studies show that 68% of money spent at small businesses stays within the local economy, compared to only 43% for large chain retailers.
Key Industries Where Small Businesses Thrive
Retail and eCommerce: From online boutiques to family-run storefronts, small retailers play a vital role in both physical and digital marketplaces.
Healthcare and Social Assistance: Many small healthcare providers, such as dental clinics, counseling centers, and private practices, offer essential services.
Construction and Trades: Local contractors, electricians, and plumbers contribute significantly to infrastructure development and housing.
Professional Services: Independent consultants, marketing agencies, accountants, and legal advisors form the backbone of service-based industries.
These sectors—and many others—are sustained by small business innovation and entrepreneurship.
Challenges Small Businesses Face in the Modern Economy
Despite their economic importance, small businesses face numerous hurdles:
Access to Capital: One of the most significant barriers to small business growth is limited access to funding. Traditional banks often view small businesses as high-risk borrowers, making it difficult for them to secure loans. While SBA loans and micro-lending programs exist, many entrepreneurs still struggle to obtain the capital needed for expansion, hiring, or technological upgrades.
Regulatory Compliance: Navigating government regulations—such as tax codes, zoning laws, and labor laws—can be complex and costly. Unlike large corporations that can afford in-house legal teams or compliance officers, small business owners must often juggle regulatory issues alongside day-to-day operations.
Rising Operational Costs: From health insurance premiums to rent and utility expenses, the cost of running a small business continues to climb. Inflation and supply chain disruptions have also added strain, making it harder for businesses to maintain profit margins.
Labor Shortages: Many small businesses report difficulties finding and retaining skilled labor, especially in competitive job markets. Unlike larger firms, they may not be able to offer high salaries or extensive benefits packages, making it tough to compete for top talent.
Technology Gaps: While digital transformation is essential for growth, many small businesses lack the resources or expertise to fully adopt new technologies such as eCommerce platforms, AI tools, or data analytics. This gap can limit scalability and competitiveness.
Why Supporting Small Businesses Matters
Investing in small businesses is an investment in America’s economic future. Here’s why:
- Economic Resilience: Communities with a strong base of small businesses tend to recover more quickly from economic downturns.
- Wealth Distribution: Small business ownership helps close income gaps and empowers entrepreneurs from underrepresented backgrounds.
- Innovation Ecosystem: Supporting startups fosters a culture of experimentation and progress.
- Environmental Sustainability: Many small businesses are adopting eco-conscious practices and support local sourcing, reducing carbon footprints.
Federal, state, and local governments play a crucial role in fostering small business growth through tax incentives, grants, training programs, and infrastructure support. Consumers, too, can make a difference by choosing to shop local and champion community-owned enterprises.
Conclusion: Small Businesses Are Big Business
Small businesses are not just a part of the economy—they are the heartbeat of it. With nearly half of the nation’s workforce relying on them, and billions in GDP generated annually, their influence is undeniable. They embody the spirit of innovation, resilience, and entrepreneurship that defines the American dream.
By supporting small businesses—through policy, finance, education, or simply through consumer choice—we are laying the groundwork for a more balanced, inclusive, and prosperous economy. Whether you’re a consumer, a policymaker, or a fellow business owner, helping small businesses thrive is a direct investment in America’s future.
The National Business Association has authored and curated resources on various topics and in multiple formats that will help you achieve your goals. Whether you are considering starting your first business or if you are a seasoned entrepreneur, there is something in this Resource section of the NBA website that will be helpful. We hope you find this article useful.
Providing relevant resources in an easy-to-navigate format is one of the many ways that the NBA accomplishes its mission of helping small businesses succeed. It fulfills our vision of being an indispensable resource for the self-employed, small business owners, and entrepreneurs. If you are interested in a deeper relationship with the NBA, sign up for our free email newsletter or learn about becoming a member by clicking on the “Join the NBA” link above.